尼日尔Agadem油田潜油电缆失效的多种因素分析与对策

潜油电泵在高产油井中有着广泛应用,但频繁的检修大量增加了油田经营成本,不同大小的扁电缆接头处绝缘击穿是最常见的故障。为了分析潜油电缆失效原因,延长机组免修期,建立了潜油电缆工作时的电磁和热传导耦合模型,分析了电缆的热效应,模拟了电缆的工作状况;建立了电缆接头的电流守恒模型,分析了电缆接头的电场,并进一步分析接头的绝缘击穿;使用塔菲尔公式分析了拉伸应力影响下的铠装层腐蚀;使用灰色关联法分析了多种因素与电缆免修期的关联程度。结果表明,当环空为气体时,电缆感抗产生的热量不易散发,电缆温度可高出环境10°;电缆接头部位不光滑表面容易产生非均匀电场,最可能出现绝缘击穿;电缆拉伸越强,缺陷部位的腐蚀速率越快,特别是出现塑性应变时腐蚀速度大大加快;井下高温与电缆免修期的关联因素最高。选取电缆时,最高限温应留有一定余量,连接电缆时尽量保证接头的整齐光滑,并尽量减少拉伸应力,Agadem油田采取了针对性措施后,免修期延长了30%以上。     

储罐直径对罐壁腐蚀缺陷的漏磁场信号影响分析

受腐蚀因素影响,储罐易发生腐蚀泄漏,储罐罐壁腐蚀一直是无损检测的难点,本文开展罐壁腐蚀缺陷漏磁检测技术研究。在轴向磁化方式下,对储罐壁板缺陷进行漏磁检测时,受壁板直径影响,同一缺陷处不同检测通道的漏磁信号不同,分析各通道漏磁信号与储罐直径的关系,得出直径与各通道漏磁信号峰值的数学模型;在此基础上对各通道漏磁信号进行预处理,建立修正系数,以消除不同通道之间的漏磁信号差异,实现各通道信号均匀化。     

有机类铜缓蚀剂的现状研究与发展

随着科技的发展，金属在各领域的应用越来越广泛，特别是铜及其合金的应用，因此其腐蚀与防护问题越来越受到重视。在腐蚀介质中添加缓蚀剂是解决这一问题的一个简单实用的方法。本文综述了近年来国外几种新型有机铜缓蚀剂，包括唑类、喹啉类、嘧啶类等物质。从缓蚀性能、环境保护方面对其进行了比较，介绍了不同介质中缓蚀剂的选用情况，介绍了几种有机缓蚀剂地研究现状，阐述了缓蚀荆的作用机理．并展望了缓蚀剂的科技研究和发展方向．     

Corrosion properties of bio-oil and its emulsions with diesel

Bio-oil is a new liquid fuel but very acidic. In this study, bio-oil pyrolyzed from rice husk and two bio-oil/diesel emulsions with bio-oil concentrations of 10 wt% and 30 wt% were prepared. Tests were carried out to determine their corrosion properties to four metals of aluminum, brass, mild steel and stainless steel at different temperatures. Weight loss of the metals immersed in the oil samples was recorded. The chemical states of the elements on metal surface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that mild steel was the least resistant to corrosion, followed by aluminum, while brass exhibited slight weight loss. The weight loss rates would be greatly enhanced at elevated temperatures. Stainless steel was not affected under any conditions. After corrosion, in- creased organic deposits were formed on aluminum and brass, but not on stainless steel. Mild steel was covered with many loosely attached corrosion materials which were easy to be removed by washing and wiping. Significant metal loss was detected on surface of aluminum and mild steel. Zinc was etched away from brass surface, while metallic copper was oxidized to Cu20. Increased Cr203 and NiO were presented on surface of stainless steel to form a compact passive protection film. The two emulsions were less corrosive than the bio-oU. This was due to the protection effect of diesel. Diesel was the continuous phase in the emulsions and thus could limit the contact area between bio-oil and metals.     

混凝土桥梁钢筋腐蚀原因及防治

文章阐述了桥梁工程中混凝土钢筋的腐蚀机理，对常见的腐蚀类型进行了分析，并提出了具体的防治措施。     

高温超导薄膜红外探测器研究

文章系统阐述了高Tcbolometer的工作原理及性能优势;简要介绍了采用负胶光刻和湿法(化学)刻蚀技术在5×10mm2GdBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜上制备2×2阵列高Tcbolometer器件的工艺过程;并对此工艺优劣性进行了分析。     

以MCS—51单片机为核心的恒电位防腐仪

根据防腐基本原理，向硫酸冷却器及其它化工容器或设备这些被保护体外加直流电流，维持其在溶液中的钝化状态，就能达到保护的目的．以MCS－51单片机为核心的恒电位控制系统，准确有效地测量免或分布电位和阳极电流，采用数字PID控制，保证了阳极电位恒定，具有线路简单、调试方便、可靠性高等特点．     

钛孔蚀动力学研究

利用人工模拟单孔试样，测量了钛在溴化物介质中孔蚀发展速度，并在位测量了孔蚀发展过程中孔内介质的变化。实验表明，在蚀孔发展过程中，蚀孔表面形成盐膜屏蔽层，蚀孔发展速度受盐膜溶解控制。随蚀孔发展，孔内活性阴离子浓度提高了十几倍，Ｈ＾＋浓度提高了４．５个数量级。利用法拉第定律和传输方程，推导了盐膜溶液控制条件下的蚀孔发展速度方程。     

UNS G10190钢在碳酸溶液中的电化学反应机理研究

通过极化测量技术研究了UNSG10190钢在含CO2水溶液中的反应速率与CO2分压的关系，根据实验结果提出了阳、阴极溶鳃反应的机理，随着CO2分压的增大，UNSG10190钢的腐蚀电位增大，腐蚀速率增大，在碳酸溶液中CO2促进了UNSG10190钢的阴极过程，抑制了阳极溶解反应。     

新型中和缓蚀剂对常减压塔顶HCI腐蚀作用的影响

针对石油加工过程中常减压蒸馏塔顶的HCl腐蚀，采用失重法研究了新型中和缓蚀剂SF-121B、BZH-1和SH-A在HCl-H2O环境下对碳钢的缓蚀效果，并与7019和氨水复合使用的效果进行比较。结果表明：随着HCl浓度和温度的增加，碳钢腐蚀率增加，SF-121B、BZH-1和SH-A的缓蚀效果优于7019与氨水复配使用的效果，SF-121B与氨水复配在保持较好缓蚀效果的同时能降低操作费用。